Tältä aikakausi, kuten tämän erittäin nykyaikaisen sivistyksen ja verkon on kasvanut erittäin nopeasti,
täällä näyttää, jos Web-TV-ohjelmia verkossa, ja tarvitaan erityistä että jalkapallo Account Manager.
Meidän ohjelman voit nauttia live eivät vaivaudu etsivät kovaa Sportscenter muiden verkkojen toisinaan usein virhe.
Tarjoamme myös useita muita ohjelmia, jotka antavat sinulle viihdettä,
Lisätietoja klikkaa tästä Partofthegame.tv Carlsberg ja web-TV. Liity meihin heti kun pääsen tapauksessa, että haluat.
www.partofthegame.tv
Selasa, 02 Desember 2008
Partofthegame.tv Carlsberg ja web-TV
Senin, 01 September 2008
Evaluation at the World Bank
Social and environmental concerns
Throughout the period from 1972 to 1989, the Bank did not conduct its own environmental assessments and did not require assessments for every project that was proposed. Assessments were required only for a varying, small percentage of projects, with the environmental staff, in the early 1970s, sending check-off forms to the borrowers and, in the latter part of the period, sending more detailed documentation and suggestions for analysis.
During this same period, the Bank’s failure to adequately consider social environmental factors was most evident in the 1976 Indonesian Transmigration program (Transmigration V). This project was funded after the establishment of the Bank’s OESA (environmental) office in 1971. According to the Bank critic Le Prestre, Transmigration V was the “largest resettlement program ever attempted... designed ultimately to transfer, over a period of twenty years, 65 million of the nation’s 165 million inhabitants from the overcrowded islands of Java, Bali, Madura, and Lombok...” (175). The objectives were: relief of the economic and social problems of the inner islands, reduction of unemployment on Java, relocation of manpower to the outer islands, the “strengthen[ing of] national unity through ethnic integration, and improve[ment of] the living standard of the poor” (Le Prestre 175).
Putting aside the political aspects of such a project, it otherwise failed as the new settlements went out of control; local populations fought with the migrators and the tropical forest was devastated (destroying the lives of indigenous peoples). Also, “[s]ome settlements were established in inhospitable sites, and failures were common;” these concerns were noted by the Bank's environmental unit whose recommendations (to Bank management) and analyses were ignored (Le Prestre, 176). Funding continued through 1987, despite the problems noted and despite the Bank’s published stipulations (1982) concerning the treatment of groups to be resettled.
More recent authors have pointed out that the World Bank learned from the mistakes of projects such as Transmigration V and greatly improved its social and environmental controls, especially during the 1990s. It has established a set of "Safeguard Policies" that set out wide ranging basic criteria that projects must meet to be acceptable. The policies are demanding, and as Mallaby (reference below) observes: "Because of the combined pressures from Northern NGOs and shareholders, the Bank's project managers labor under "safeguard" rules covering ten sensitives issues...no other development lender is hamstrung in this way" (page 389). The ten policies cover: Environmental Assessment, Natural Habitats, Forests, Pest Management, Cultural Property, Involuntary Resettlement, Indigenous Peoples, Safety of Dams, Disputed Areas, and International Waterways
Read More..New Data Show 1.4 Billion Live On Less Than Us$1.25 A Day, But Progress Against Poverty Remains Strong
WASHINGTON, DC, August 26, 2008 – The World Bank said improved economic estimates showed there were more poor people around the world than previously thought while also revealing big successes in the fight to overcome extreme poverty.
The new estimates, which reflect improvements in internationally comparable price data, offer a much more accurate picture of the cost of living in developing countries and set a new poverty line of US$1.25 a day. They are based on the results of the 2005 International Comparison Program (ICP), released earlier this year.
In a new paper, “The developing world is poorer than we thought but no less successful in the fight against poverty,” Martin Ravallion and Shaohua Chen revise estimates of poverty since 1981, finding that 1.4 billion people (one in four) in the developing world were living below US$1.25 a day in 2005, down from 1.9 billion (one in two) in 1981.
An earlier estimate—of 985 million people living below the former international US$1 a day poverty line in 2004 —was based on the (then) best available cost of living data from 1993. The old data also indicated about 1.5 billion in poverty in 1981. However, the new and far better ICP data on prices in developing countries reveal that these estimates were too low.
The new estimates continue to assess world poverty by the standards of the poorest countries. The new line of US$1.25 for 2005 is the average national poverty line for the poorest 10-20 countries.
“The new estimates are a major advance in poverty measurement because they are based on far better price data for assuring that the poverty lines are comparable across countries,” said Martin Ravallion, Director of the Development Research Group at the World Bank, “Data from household surveys have also improved in terms of country coverage, data access, and timeliness.”
“The new data confirm that the world will likely reach the first Millennium Development Goal of halving the 1990 level of poverty by 2015 and that poverty has fallen by about one percentage point a year since 1981, ” said Justin Lin, Chief Economist and Senior Vice President, Development Economics at the World Bank. “However, the sobering news that poverty is more pervasive than we thought means we must redouble our efforts, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The new data show that marked regional differences in progress against poverty persist. Poverty in East Asia has fallen from nearly 80 percent of the population living below US$1.25 a day in 1981 to 18 percent in 2005. However, the poverty rate in Sub-Saharan Africa remains at 50 percent in 2005—no lower than in 1981, although with more encouraging recent signs of progress.
MORE KEY FACTS & ANALYSIS
· This is the first major effort to update poverty data based on 2005 measures of purchasing power parity. The new poverty estimates are also based on data from 675 household surveys across 116 developing countries. Over 1.2 million randomly sampled households were interviewed for the 2005 estimate, representing 96% of the developing world. But lags in survey data availability mean that the new estimates do not yet reflect the potentially large adverse effects on poor people of rising food and fuel prices since 2005.
· The number of poor has fallen by 500 million since 1981 (from 52 percent of the developing world’s population in 1981 to 26 percent in 2005) and the world is still on track to halve the 1990 poverty rate by 2015. But at this rate of progress, about a billion people will still live below $1.25 a day in 2015. Also, most people who escaped $1.25 a day poverty over 1981-2005 would still be poor by middle-income country standards.
· East Asia’s progress has been dramatic since 1981, when it was the poorest region in the world. In China, the number of people living on less than $1.25 a day in 2005 prices has dropped from 835 million in 1981 to 207 million in 2005. The Bank’s earlier 2004 estimate had 130 million people living in China below $1 a day based on 1993 PPP. Thus, the new calculations reveal more poor people than assumed earlier, but China's remarkable success in reducing poverty still stands.
· In the developing world outside China, the $1.25 poverty rate has fallen from 40 percent to 29 percent over 1981-2005. However, given population growth, this progress was not enough to bring down the total number of poor outside China, which has stayed at about 1.2 billion.
· In South Asia, the $1.25 poverty rate has fallen from 60 percent to 40 percent over 1981-2005, but again, not enough to bring down the total number of poor people in the region, which stood at about 600 million in 2005. In India, poverty at $1.25 a day in 2005 prices increased from 420 million people in 1981 to 455 million in 2005, while the poverty rate as a share of the total population went from 60% in 1981 to 42% in 2005.
· In Sub-Saharan Africa, the $1.25 a day rate was 50 percent in 2005—the same as it was in 1981, after rising, then falling during the period. The number of poor has almost doubled, from 200 million in 1981 to about 380 million in 2005. If the trend persists, a third of the world’s poor will live in Africa by 2015. Average consumption among poor people in Sub-Saharan Africa stood at a meager 70 cents a day in 2005. Given that poverty is so deep in Africa, even higher growth will be needed than for other regions to have the same impact on poverty.
· For middle income countries the median poverty line for all developing countries—$2 a day—is more suitable. 2.6 billion people lived on less than $2 a day in 2005—a number largely unchanged since 1981. This suggests less progress in crossing the $2 a day hurdle. By this measure, the poverty rate has fallen over 1981-2005 in Latin America and the Middle East and North Africa, but not enough to bring down the total number of poor. The $2 a day poverty rate has risen in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, though with signs of progress since the late 1990s.
http://web.worldbank.org
Save energy, get easy money
While the energy costs continue to increase for small entrepreneurs, the government intensified to help of small companies to reduce the consumption of electricity and of fuel.
Last week, the Governor Edouard G. Rendell announced approximately 90 companies will receive $521.000 to incorporate innovating technologies and to improve energy efficiency and to reduce pollution by the programme of concession of advantage of small company, according to a press release.
Five of the companies are located in the county of Lycoming. They are: Dry cleaners of village of Norge, $7.500 for the equipment of shirt-finishing of high output; Insurance of James Ely, $5.708 for a boiler of output raised with orders of zone to preserve energy; Thirty-three is, $7.500 for a boiler with high effectiveness with orders of zone; Club of Western tennis of branch, $3.647 for a boiler with high effectiveness with orders of zone; Market of country of Creekside, $4.825 for a heating with high effectiveness and cooling system and pickling solutions of Faxon, $7.500 for a boiler of output raised with orders of zone.
The companies had to request the concessions which were early due inside - September, according to Garth Eck, owner of the pickling solutions of Faxon, which requested one of the concessions.
The next stage for the contractors is to sign a concession contract. Then that they can be allotted the money.
We understand certainly that the contractors want to become mobile on their projects, the young people of Charlie, spokesperson for the department of environmental protection, indicated. But that can take during some time so that the concession contract obtains signed.
My boiler ages and it is not as effective as it was, Eck indicated. I knew that I was going to need one in the two years to come.
Eck indicated that he discovered about the concession by an organization which he belongs called Pennsylvania Delaware the dry cleaners association.
Kevin Nash, joint owner the thirty-three one is, said that it was really excited to receive the money. It is large that we obtained it and our new boiler will be a good investment which will save us 20-30 percent on invoices of energy, Nash said.
He said that the boiler at the restaurant is approximately 30 years and will cost approximately $30.000 to replace. We currently work with some to put the project, Nash indicated.
The young small companies known as must save on the energy costs because it is important for their result. It is also important for the Commonwealth and the nation as a whole, it added. We are with crossroads and we must start to find energy sources more renewable.
Young people known as every year more companies subject requests for concessions. We have more and more with applications each year, young people known as.
Since Rendell launched the program in July 2004, more than $3.3 million were allotted to approximately 600 companies through the state.
Other recipients:
County of Bradford
Establishments $1.828 of Deerpath so that the furnace of granule and corn preserves energy by the use of fuels of substitution.
County of Tioga
Garage $3.800 of Burkholder for antifreeze re-using the unit to prevent pollution and to re-use the product of antifreeze.
Read More..get free money
As hard as it is to believe, there are actually many places online that give you free money. Some are real easy free money, you just have to open a free account to get free money. One of the most popular sources of free money online is through get paid to surf programs, where you actually get paid to surf the web, listen to the radio, chat online, read email, etc. Other sources of free money are free lotto sites that payout million dollar jackpots. You can also play fun free online games that give the winner real cash and prizes. Another source of free money is through free cash back programs that give you free money for opening an account or shopping.
Be sure to add this page to your favorites (press CTRL-D) and check back often because we are constantly updating this site with new free money programs.
Free money categories:
- Easy Free Money (free money with little effort or commitment)
- Best Credit Card Deals (apply for a card and get free money)
- Free Cash Back Bonuses (free cash back for shopping or opening accounts)
- Free Lotto (free online sweepstakes and lotteries)
- Free Online Games (free online games with real cash prizes)
- Get Paid to Surf (the Web, read email, listen to the radio, etc.)
- Get Paid to Surf the Web Tips and Tricks for Success
If you like free stuff, be sure to check out our free stuff page with free samples, free after rebate offers, and other freebies. Also take a look at our free communications page for free email, long distance, voicemail, and fax services, and our free internet services page for free internet access, web pages, and disk space. For additional bargains, money saving online coupons, and free stuff take a look at our Home page.
Read More..THE FREE TO MAKING MONEY MILLIONAIRE MESSAGE
READ THE FREE MAKING MONEY MILLIONAIRE MESSAGE
| FREE MONEY MAKING PROGRAMS
How Do FREE Product Giveaways Work? How Do FREE Making Money Programs Work? How Do Paid Cash FREE Online Surveys Work? How Does FREE Satellite TV Work? | FREE Online Cash Surveys For Canada & USA
|
-
Langganan:
Postingan (Atom)
